Competition and Cooperation
Competition and Cooperation:
Many of task that confront man in daily living can be accomplished alone or In groups . They can be done by individuals competing with each other or they
Can be done by person cooperating.
Two questions are involved in this issue.
Is there an “instinct” of competition ?
What are the effects of competition and cooperation ?
e Chimpanzee alone is not strong enough to haul in the box of food attached to the ropes
The Effects of competition and cooperation
1. How do competition and cooperation effect the kind and amount of work accomplished by individuals and by the group as a whole? 2. How do they affect the character of the group? 3. What are the effects of competition and cooperation on the personalities of the individuals who experience?
Factor in small-group function
From many studies of factor that make group activity effective or ineffective, several principle have emerged.
Why do we join groups?
In some cases, we join a group because we need a service or access to information. We may also be drawn to a group because we admire the group or its members. Whether we are conscious of it or not, our identities and self-concepts are built on the groups with which we identify.
So, to answer the earlier question, we join groups because they function to help us meet instrumental, interpersonal, and identity needs.
LEARNING OBJECTIVESD:
Define small group communication.
Discuss the characteristics of small groups.
Explain the functions of small groups.
Compare and contrast different types of small groups.
Discuss advantages and disadvantages of small groups.
Illegal behaviors
Many studies conclude there is a strong relationship between moral reasoning and illegal behavior amongst young offenders. However, there has been no research examining this relationship amongst people with intellectual disabilities. There is some empirical evidence to suggest that the relationship between moral reasoning and illegal behavior may be curvilinear, such that lower moral reasoning and higher moral reasoning relates to lower rates of illegal behavior and inappropriate conduct. Given this, and evidence that people with intellectual disabilities are reasoning at a .
lower moral stage than their same-age peers, it is proposed that some people with intellectual disabilities may actually be less likely to engage in illegal behavior because they are reasoning at an earlier moral stage, while those with ‘borderline’ intelligence would be more likely to engage in illegal behavior. This suggests that the relationship between moral reasoning and illegal behavior is moderated by intelligence, and this has implications for the design of intervention programmers for people with intellectual disabilities, but further research is needed.
Individual Vs Group action
Working individually
Easier to concentrate and focus
Decided what to do and when
Make your own decision
Working group action
Communicate well with others
Increase the work efficiency
Share ideas among the group
Two heads are better than one
Group action more successful than individual action.
Group action can be more effective than individual work if the team is cooperative and well manage. It stands to reason that the work of a team of people would serve to accomplish more than work perform by only one person.
Effective leadership
One area in which the study of group processes has proved Particularly helpful has been pointing out that leadership is not a mystical quality but an effective combination of skills and attitudes. In this section we shall examine the responsibilities involved in leadership, some differences in leadership technique, and the characteristics of effective leaders.
Responsibilities of a leader
Structuring the situation
Controlling group behavior
Speaking for the group.
Helping the group achieve its potential
new by : kamazone daily
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