Clinical Approaches to Personality
The Meaning of Personality
The Role of Theory in Understanding personality
Body-Type theories of personality
Expressive Behavior As a Clue To Personality
Personality Theory Today
Clinical Methods of Studying Personality
The Meaning of Personality
The term personality is derived from the Latin word persona meaning a mask. Personality is a patterned body of habits, traits, attitudes and ideas of an individual as these are organized externally into roles and statuses and as they relate internally to motivation, goals and various aspects of selfhood.
According to Robert Park and Earnest Burgess Personality is the sum and organization of those traits which determine the role of the individual in the group.
According to Linton, personality embraces the total organized aggregate of psychological processes and status pertaining to the individual. Parsonality says Maclver is all that an individual is and has experienced so far as this all can be comprehended as unity. According to Lundberg the term personality refers to the habits, attitudes and other social traits that are characteristic of a given individual's behavior.
The Role of Theory in Understanding personality
Chapter Objectives-------
To review the basic concepts of seven major theories that have guided research in the study of human development. These theories include: evolutionary, psychodexual theory, cognitive developmental theory, theoies of learning , cultural theory, social role theory, and systems theory.
To examine the implications of each theory for the study of human development.
To clarify the links between each theory and psychosocial theory.
Body-Type theories of
personality
A five-factor theory of personality
5.2 are empirically testable, and in fact most of them are based on a body of empirical…within informant type( eg, self- reports), where evaluative biases are shared, the five factors were…the higher-order factor structure, this is Body type theories of personality.
Expressive Behavior As a Clue
To Personality
Other popular attempts to understand personality are based on the individual’s expressive behavior rather than his anatomy. Among the most common forms of expression so used are handwriting , voice , and posture.
Expressive about handwriting If one of the persons who write a letter , will be interested concerning with his handwriting. When we see his handwritten, it will be interested. And than we can read his mind
Expressive about voice How to decide the voice of other ? By listening or by speaking? So this is a part of personality.
Expressive about posture Let’s find as a clue to personality from posture face-manner.
Personality Theory Today
Eysenck's Personality Theory Eysenck was a theorist who focused on personality traits. Traits are broad behavioral elements that define who you are, like calm or easily excited. Eysenck described one's personality as a hierarchy of traits. At the top of that hierarchy, we see broad primary characteristics known as higher-order traits. The few broad higher-order traits then determine several lower-order traits. The lower-order traits help to make up our habitual behaviors and our specific responses. According to Eysenck, personality traits are genetically inherited.
Clinical Methods of Studying
Personality
Clinical observations of behavior have resulted in speculations and formulations of primary importance in the development of the study of personality as a major area in psychology. While it is true that there are currently many competing personality theories derived from clinical work with emotionally disturbed individuals, the mere variety of views alone cannot explain the negative orientation towards the clinical method. It is pertinent first of all to attempt a detailed description of how the clinical process appears to function when used in the study of personality. From this we can proceed to a discussion in greater depth of the features which characterize the clinical method or approach--how it differs from other methods, the strengths and weaknesses of this approach, and its place in the contemporary scene. Attention will be focused on general features or aspects of the clinical method rather than on specific techniques.
. From this point of view, the clinical approach includes psychotherapeutic interactions as well as those which are more traditionally labeled as diagnostic. The sections of this chapter address the following topics: Clinical techniques and the clinical method; Description of the clinical method; Basic features of the clinical process; The clinical method and the methods of science; The clinical method in psychology; The clinical method and personality theory; and Limitations in the clinical approach to personality. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved).
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